1. Be able to identify the operational definition from the text of an article.

2. Be able to evaluate an operational definition on the basis of reliability and validity, and be able to suggest improvements.

3. Be able to classify the measurement scale associated with an operational definition.

4. Be able to identify or describe measures of typicality and variability, and choose which measure should be used in a concrete situation.

5. Be able to explain the distinction between a nonexperimental study (like our first study) and an experimental study (our second study), and connect this distinction to the definition of efficient causality.

6. Be able to explain the logic of the experimental method and its connection to efficient causality.

7. Be able to identify and differentiate between independent variables and dependent variables.

8. Be able to explain the issue of confounded variables and the problem of interpretation that it creates.

9. Be able to analyze a procedure for the existence of confounded variables .

10. Be able to explain the null hypothesis, state the null hypothesis for a specific comparison involving a chi square, t-test or an ANOVA. Be able to explain whether or not the null hypothesis should be rejected and why this decision was chosen.

11. Be able to read and interpret the Systat output for a chi square, t-test, or ANOVA.

12. Be able to interpret and discuss the relationship between the experimental hypothesis and the null hypothesis of a statistical test.

13. Be able to list the major sections of an APA manuscript, and describe their contents.

14. Be able to write a reference in correct APA format.

15. Be able to answer questions about APA manuscript format issues that we covered in class or you were expected to know for your paper.