ECO 3620. Environmental Economics
Valuing the Environment
Welfare Economics
- Consumer surplus = marginal benefit - price
- Producer surplus = price - marginal cost
- Welfare = consumer surplus + producer surplus
- Market failure and welfare economics
Value of Nonmarket Environmental Goods
- Direct Use Value - consumptive and nonconsumptive use
- Indirect Use Value (ie., nonuse value, passive use value)
- Total Value = use value + indirect use value
Revealed Preference Approaches
- Hedonic wage and price method
- Travel cost method (site choice and intensity) (an
example)
- Averting behavior method
Stated Preference Approaches
- Contingent valuation method
- Contingent behavior method
- Conjoint analysis
Combined approaches
- Revealed preference approaches rely on actual behavior but misses policy
beyond historical experience and indirect use value
- Stated preference approaches are flexible but rely on hypothetical
behavior which leads to hypothetical bias
- Combined approaches may solve both problems