Representative Publications:

Reprints available upon request.
 

R.S. Williams, D.E. Lincoln and R.J. Norby  2003.  Development of gypsy moth larvae feeding on red maple saplings at elevated CO2 and temperature. Oecologia, 137: 114-122

R.A. Hansen, R.S. Williams and D.E. Lincoln.  2001.  Non-litter effects of elevated CO2 on forest floor microarthropod abundances. Plant and Soil 236: 139-144.

R.S. Williams, R.J. Norby and D.E. Lincoln.  2000.  Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature-grown red and sugar maple on gypsy moth performance. Global Change Biology  6: 685-696.

R.S. Williams, D.E. Lincoln and R.J. Norby. 1998. Leaf age effects of elevated CO2-grown white oak leaves on spring-feeding lepidopterans. Global Change Biology 4: 235-246.

R.S. Williams, D.E. Lincoln and R.B. Thomas. 1997. Effects of elevated CO2-grown loblolly pine needles on the growth, consumption, development, and pupal weight of red-headed pine sawfly larvae reared within open-topped chambers. Global Change Biology 3: 501-511.

R.S. Williams, R.B. Thomas, B.R. Strain and D.E. Lincoln. 1997. Effects of elevated CO2,soil nutrient levels, and foliage age on the performance of two generations of Neodiprion lecontei (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) feeding on Loblolly Pine. Environmental Entomology 26: 1312-1322.

R.S. Williams, D.E. Lincoln and R.B. Thomas. 1994. Loblolly pine grown under elevated CO2 affects early instar pine sawfly performance. Oecologia 98: 64-71.