1. Know the relationship between radiance, illuminance, luminance, reflectance, and brightness. Can I predict the amount of brightness if I know how much light energy is coming from an object?

2. In discussions about brightness, I said that the rule is "the coal is always black." Using two objects, like a piece of coal and my white-if-it-was-clean coffee cup, explain what this statement means with respect to illuminance, luminance, and reflectance. Is it an illusion or is it real that the coal is always black?

3. What is the duplex retina? What is the evidence for having a duplex retina? How should we think about having a duplex retina? Are we like the anableps?

4. Explain the simultaneous contrast illusion. Does this illusion contradict or support the concept of brightness constancy? Is it an illusion or is it real?

5. What are Mach bands? Are Mach bands real or are they illusions?

6. Understand "lateral inhibition" and how it applies to Mach bands and the Hermann Grid illusion. Is the Hermann Grid real or an illusion?

7. What is the meaning of the difference between the layout of the color circle and the spectrum? Why is purple considered such an important color?

8. Understand how additive and subtractive color mixing work in daily life. Explain how to make my coffe cup look purple, using additive and subtractive color mixing.

9. Understand how the Munsell and CIE color system was developed. Note similarities and differences.

10. Explain the development of trichromatic theory. What did Helmholtz do? What did he find?

11. Explain the development of opponent process theory. What did Hering consider to be the critical evidence supporting his hypothetical color receptors?

12. Understand the spectral sensitivity curves for the three types of cone receptors in humans. What are the "primary" colors according to the cones? Does this contradict our tendency to talk about red, yellow, green, and blue as being primary colors?

13. Why should we label the cones as S, M, & L wavelength detectors instead of detecting the colors, Blue, Green, and Red?

14. How does trichromatic theory explain seeing colors like yellow and purple?

15. Describe the three types of color blindness. Pick your favorite type of color blindness and explain what happens to the color world of that individual.

16. What are subjective colors and what do they tell us about color perception?

17. What happens when we stabilize the image on the retina? What does this tell us about how the visual system functions.

18. Understand the relationship between the cone system and spatial grating detectors.