1. Explain the development of trichromatic theory. What did Helmholtz do? What did he find?

2. Explain the development of opponent process theory. What did Hering consider to be the critical evidence supporting his hypothetical color receptors?

3. Whose theory was correct, Helmholtz or Hering?

4. Know the location and shape of the spectral sensitivity curves for the three types of cone receptors in humans. Why do we label the cones as Short, Medium, & Long wavelength detectors instead of Blue, Green, and Red detectors?

5. At the level of the cones, how do we explain seeing white, blue, yellow, and purple?

6. What causes color blindness? Identify the three types of color blindness. What happens to the color world of individuals with each type of color blindness?

7. What is an Ishihara test? How does it work?

8. What is a binocular depth cue?

9. Be able to identify the difference between corresponding and noncorresponding retinal points. What conditions produce each?

10. What is the horopter? Where is the horopter located in space? What is special about the retinal images of objects that are on the horopter?

11. Diagram two objects, one of which is in front of the horopter and another object that is beyond the horopter, and indicate where their retinal images will be located. Understand the difference between crossed and uncrossed disparity.

12. Imagine that you are sitting in class and you look at various people/objects. Explain how retinal disparity changes as you look about the room.

13. Understand how binocular stereograms, anaglyphs, and single image stereograms produce depth effects.

14. What is a monocular depth cue? What are examples of monocular depth cues? How/why do the monocular depth cues work? How does "linear perspective" work?

15. What is an "Ames room"? Understand how an Ames room is constructed to create its illusion. Is it a size illusion or a depth illusion?

16. What is speed constancy? Does speed of an image across the retina predict our experience of object speed? Why or why not?

17. What is "corollary discharge theory"? Understand how corollary discharge theory applies to concrete situations in which your eyes may be moving (or not) and an object may be moving (or not).

18. Understand how corollary discharge theory accounts for the case examples we discussed in class.

19. What is the autokinetic effect? Explain how corollary discharge theory accounts for the effect.