Psychology 3215

Perception - Fall 2013


Dr. Kenneth M. Steele

Smith Wright 310F

Office Hours: 12:00 - 1:30 MTWR, and by appointment

phone: 262-2272 x-436

email: [email protected]

Textbook: J. M. Wolfe et al. (2012). Sensation & Perception (3rd ed.)

Online material: www1.appstate.edu/~kms/

Description of the course:

This is an introductory survey course on perception. Historically, the study of perception is one of the first areas to emerge in psychology, and is concerned with the question of how we know the world. Answers involve being able to bridge three topic areas: a description of the physical stimulus (what is light? What happens when light rays strike an object?), how our bodies react to that stimulus (what happens when light rays hit the back of our eyes?), and the relation of both of those to our perceptual experience (What a delicious looking apple!). So be prepared to do skipping back and forth as we will integrate physics, physiology, and phenomenology.

The course is broken into four sections. The first section is concerned with the psychophysical method. This sections covers the methods by which people establish the relationship between physical events and subjective experience. The psychophysical method is both a philosophy about how to think about the world and a set of techniques derived from that philosophy. Next we will move to vision, the most investigated system. We will begin with some basic physiology and then move into an analysis of brightness, color, and form. In the next section, we will examine the perception of space, motion, and form (again). In the final section, we will cover audition, the next most investigated system. In all cases we will be connecting 3 descriptive systems-- physics, physiology, and the perceptual experience.

One of the fun aspects of studying perception is that the effects are easy to see with just one subject, and that subject can be yourself. SO I do many mini-experiments/demonstrations in class. I put the demonstrations and figures on my website so that you can look at them at other times. Plan on visiting my website often. Go to http://www1.appstate.edu/~kms and click on the link to this class. The "Topics" link will take you to the in-class material.

The class schedule below is a brief version of the topics webpage. Go to the topics webpage to see all the details. There are many more links than we will use in class. Some are there for fun and some are there so that I can respond to questions. I will point out the important links as we go through the material. You may want to print the complete topics page out so that you can make notes about the flow of the course.

Tests, grades, and your busy schedule:

There will be four multiple-choice tests during the semester. The percent correct for each test will be averaged across the four tests to compute your final grade. I will post a study guide and there will be a question and answer period preceding each test. Come prepared and use it to your advantage.

There is an optional multiple-choice final exam. Your final grade is based on the average of 4 exams. If you have taken 4 exams and are happy with your grade then you do not have to take the final exam. If you have taken 4 exams during the session, and the final exam, then your grade will be based on your 4 highest scores. If you miss an exam during the session then the final exam serves as the "make-up" exam. You can only make-up one exam.

The final letter grade will be assigned on a 10- point scale (100-90, A; 89-80, B; 79-70, C; 69-60, D; below 60, F). Pluses and minuses will be assigned for averages that are 2 points from a higher or 2 points from a lower grade (e.g., C+ for a 78 or 79, C- for a 70 or 71).

Finally, remember that your grade is a measure of your performance and not whether I like you, how smart you are, how busy you are, etc., etc. Save yourself time wasted in groveling for points.

Attendance, classroom behavior, and life:

I will call attendance for the first few classes so that I can connect names with faces. I don�t record daily attendance because I assume that you are adults, and will only miss class when absolutely necessary. If you skip class then you will likely do miserably or fail tests. This is no joke. I make up the tests based on what happened in class. I test in detail on what I think the class should know. If you skip class and fail tests then I will have no sympathy.

I will record attendance some variable number of times during the semester. If you are there 3/4 of the time or more then you will get a Woody Allen Award of a point on your final grade. (Woody Allen said, "Ninety percent of success is just showing up on time.")

Please, Please, Please ask questions. Don�t let the moment of confusion pass by. Don�t worry about the rest of the class, your job is to make sure that you understand.

 

Psychology 3215

Perception - Fall 2013

DATE
DAY
TOPIC
Measurement of Perceptual Experience
8/21
W
Course Requirements, etc.
8/23
F

Fechner: The mind-body problem and the importance of the absolute threshold

Classical Psychophysical Techniques

Example Psychophysical Function for Absolute Threshold

Your Textbook: 3-9

8/26
M

Difference thresholds & Weber's Law

8/28
W

Weber's Law vs. Fechner's Law

Your Textbook:

8/30
F

Magnitude estimation & Stevens' Power Law

Your Textbook: 9-11

9/2
M
State Holiday
9/4
W

Signal Detection Theory

Separating Strategy from Sensitivity

Your Textbook: 11-15

9/6
F

Signal Detection Theory

9/9
M

Question & Answer/Review [ Study Guide ]

Test 1

   
Test 1 Results
VISION I
9/11
W

What is light?

Your Textbook: 31-32

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Everything you wanted to know about the Vertebrate Retina

Your Textbook: 32-42

9/13
F

Structure of Eye continued

9/16
M

Duplex Retina

Dark Adaptation Curve

Purkinje Shift

Night Blindness - Vitamin A Deficiency (Hecht & Mandelbaum, 1940)

 

Your Textbook: 40-41, 48-49

9/18
W

Brightness Constancy & Brightness Contrast

Example of Simultaneous Brightness Contrast

Mach Bands

Hermann Grid Illusion

Lateral Inhibition Circuit

Lateral Inhibition Effect

9/20
F

Color

Additive Color Demo

Subtractive Color Demo

The Munsell System of Color Notation

CIE XYZ Color System

RGB Color System

Pantone Matching System colors

Your Textbook: 125-127

9/23
M

Mechanisms of Color

Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory

Ewald Hering

Colored Afterimages

Opponent Process Circuit

Your Textbook: 120-124, 128-134

9/25
W

Color Blindness and Color Deficiencies

Your Textbook: 135-36

9/27
F

Color Contrast and Color Constancy

Color Constancy

Edwin Land - Mondrian Experiments

Chromatic Illuminance vs. Reflectance

Your Textbook: 138-43

9/30
M

Finding Edges vs. Filling In

Fading Dot Illusion

Fading Dot Color AfterEffect Illusion

Spreading Neon Illusion

Subjective Colors

Benham's Top

10/2
W

Question & Answer/Review [ Study Guide ]

10/4
F
TEST 2
   
Test 2 Results
VISION II
10/7
M

Space, Distance, & Depth - Binocular Cues

The Horopter and Retinal Disparity

The Horopter and Panum's Area

Your Textbook: 162-166

10/9
W

Manipulation of Binocular Cues to Produce
Depth Effects

Producing Retinal Disparity

Anaglyphs

Bela Julez and the Random Dot Stereogram

Your Textbook: 166-171

10/11
F

Space, Distance, & Depth - Monocular Cues

Monocular Cues

Linear Perspective Approach

Ames Room

Ames Room Diagram

Anamorphic Illusions

Your Textbook: 152-159

10/14
M

Perception of Movement

Corollary Discharge Theory

Autokinetic Effect

Drift-Induced Motion

Your Textbook: 235-240

10/16
W
 
10/18
F
Fall Break
10/21
M

Motion Parallax

Optic Flow

Structure from Motion

J. J. Gibson

Your Textbook: 160-161, 232-233

10/23
W

Stroboscopic Motion: Beta vs. Phi

10/25
F

Form

The Gestalt Psychologists and Von Ehrenfels

Ambiguous Figure - Rubin (1915)

The Problem of Prediction:

Object Recognition - Structural Approach

Object Recognition - View-point / Image Approach

Change Blindness

Your Textbook: 91-112

10/28
M

Question & Answer/Review [ Study Guide ]

10/30
W
TEST 3
   
Test 3 Results

AUDITION: Parallels and Differences

11/1
F

Physics of Sound

Sound as a Sine Wave

Frequency

Amplitude

Phase Interference

Complex waves

A general problem for the hearing system

 

Your Textbook: 244-247

11/4
M

Auditory Physiology

The Ear

Middle Ear

Inner Ear

Your Textbook: 249-54

11/6
W

Auditory Physiology & Pitch

Helmholtz - The inside of a piano

Rutherford

Wever & Bray (1937) - Volley Principle

Fourier Analysis

-----------------------------------

Damaged Hearing

Presbycusis

Tuning Fork tests

Otoacoustic Emissions

Cochlear Implant

Your Textbook: 254-261, 268-271

11/8
F

Psychophysics of Pitch and Loudness

S. S. Stevens

Audibility Function

Equal Loudness Contour

Amplitude-Frequency Shift (Equal Pitch Contours)

Your Textbook: 264-268

11/11
M

Sound Localization

The General Problem

Interaural Intensity Difference - Frequency & Intensity

Interaural Time Difference

Cone of Confusion

Head Motion: Speakers vs Headphones with Music

The problem of Echoes: Outside vs. Inside

Your Textbook: 275-286

11/13
W

Auditory Scene Analysis

The General Problem

Principles of Auditory Grouping:

 

Your Textbook: 292-300

11/15
F

Music Pitch Perception

Guitar Note (a closer look)

Music note is a complex wave

Timbre

Timbre - Static Differences

Timbre - Dynamic Differences - ADSR

The Missing Fundamental Effect - Challenge to Standard Explanation of Timbre

Your Textbook: 286-292

11/18
M

Pitch as a linear scale

Octave effect

Pitch chroma circle

Octave Pitch vs. Frequency

Pitch as a helix

Chords

Melody

Rhythm

Shepard tone

Endless staircase - Shepard illusion

Your Textbook: 303-309

11/20
W

Consonance & Dissonance

Note pairs produce different listening experiences:

Prediction of Consonance and Dissonance: Physics and Physiology

11/22
F

Interactions Between Hearing & Seeing

Visual Capture

Your Textbook:

11/25
M
 
11/27
W
Thanksgiving Break
11/29
F
12/2
M

Question & Answer/Review [ Study Guide ]

12/4
W

TEST 4

Test 4 Results
12/6
F

Discuss Final Exam

Final Exam Time is Tuesday 12/10, 3:00 to 5:30