Psychology 3215

Perception - Summer 2013


Dr. Kenneth M. Steele

Smith Wright 310F

Office Hours: 12:30 - 1:30 MTWR, and by appointment

phone: 262-2272 x-436

email: [email protected]

Textbook: J. M. Wolfe et al. (2012). Sensation & Perception (3rd ed.)

Online material: www1.appstate.edu/~kms/

Description of the course:

This is an introductory survey course on perception. Historically, the study of perception is one of the first areas to emerge in psychology, and is concerned with the question of how we know the world. Answers involve being able to bridge three topic areas: a description of the physical stimulus (what is light? What happens when light rays strike an object?), how our bodies react to that stimulus (what happens when light rays hit the back of our eyes?), and the relation of both of those to our perceptual experience (What a delicious looking apple!). So be prepared to do skipping back and forth as we will integrate physics, physiology, and phenomenology.

The course is broken into four sections. The first section is concerned with the psychophysical method. This sections covers the methods by which people establish the relationship between physical events and subjective experience. The psychophysical method is both a philosophy about how to think about the world and a set of techniques derived from that philosophy. Next we will move to vision, the most investigated system. We will begin with some basic physiology and then move into an analysis of brightness, color, and form. In the next section, we will examine the perception of space, motion, and form (again). In the final section, we will cover audition, the next most investigated system. In all cases we will be connecting 3 descriptive systems-- physics, physiology, and the perceptual experience.

One of the fun aspects of studying perception is that the effects are easy to see with just one subject, and that subject can be yourself. SO I do many mini-experiments/demonstrations in class. I put the demonstrations and figures on my website so that you can look at them at other times. Plan on visiting my website often. Go to http://www1.appstate.edu/~kms and click on the link to this class. The "Topics" link will take you to the in-class material.

The class schedule below is a brief version of the topics webpage. Go to the topics webpage to see all the details. There are many more links than we will use in class. Some are there for fun and some are there so that I can respond to questions. I will point out the important links as we go through the material. You may want to print the complete topics page out so that you can make notes about the flow of the course.

Tests, grades, and your busy schedule:

There will be four multiple-choice tests during the session. The percent correct for each test will be averaged across the four tests to compute your final grade. I will post a study guide and there will be a question and answer period preceding each test. Come prepared and use it to your advantage.

There is an optional multiple-choice final exam. Your final grade is based on the average of 4 exams. If you have taken 4 exams and are happy with your grade then you do not have to take the final exam. If you have taken 4 exams during the session, and the final exam, then your grade will be based on your 4 highest scores. If you miss an exam during the session then the final exam serves as the "make-up" exam. You can only make-up one exam.

The final letter grade will be assigned on a 10- point scale (100-90, A; 89-80, B; 79-70, C; 69-60, D; below 60, F). Pluses and minuses will be assigned for averages that are 2 points from a higher or 2 points from a lower grade (e.g., C+ for a 78 or 79, C- for a 70 or 71).

Finally, remember that your grade is a measure of your performance and not whether I like you, how smart you are, how busy you are, etc., etc. Save yourself time wasted in groveling for points.

Attendance, classroom behavior, and life:

I will call attendance for the first few classes so that I can connect names with faces. I don�t record daily attendance because I assume that you are adults, and will only miss class when absolutely necessary. If you skip class then you will likely do miserably or fail tests. This is no joke. I make up the tests based on what happened in class. I test in detail on what I think the class should know. If you skip class and fail tests then I will have no sympathy.

I will record attendance some variable number of times during the semester. If you are there 3/4 of the time or more then you will get a Woody Allen Award of a point on your final grade. (Woody Allen said, "Ninety percent of success is just showing up on time.")

Please, Please, Please ask questions. Don�t let the moment of confusion pass by. Don�t worry about the rest of the class, your job is to make sure that you understand.

 

Psychology 3215

Perception - Summer 2013

DATE
DAY
TOPIC
Measurement of Perceptual Experience
7/1
M
Course Requirements, etc.

Classic Visual Illusions - What do they tell us?

Fechner: The mind-body problem and the importance of the absolute threshold

Classical Psychophysical Techniques

Methods

Example Psychophysical Function for Absolute Threshold

Your Textbook: 3-9

7/2
T

Difference thresholds & Weber's Law

Weber's Law vs. Fechner's Law

Your Textbook:

Magnitude estimation & Stevens' Power Law

Your Textbook: 9-11

7/3
W

Signal Detection Theory

Your Textbook: 11-15

Signal Detection Theory

7/4
R
State Holiday
7/8
M

It's all about 3 guys ...

Question & Answer/Review [ Study Guide ]

Test 1

   
Test 1 Results
VISION I
7/9
T

What is light?

Your Textbook: 31-32

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Everything you wanted to know about the Vertebrate Retina

Your Textbook: 32-42

Structure of Eye continued

Visual Pathways

7/10
W

Duplex Retina

Dark Adaptation Curve

Purkinje Shift

Your Textbook: 40-41, 48-49

Brightness Constancy & Brightness Contrast

Example of Simultaneous Brightness Contrast

Mach Bands

Hermann Grid Illusion

Lateral Inhibition Circuit

Lateral Inhibition Effect

Issue of Luminance vs Reflectance

7/11
R

Color

Newton's Separation Experiment

Newton's Mixing Experiment

Additive Color Demo

Subtractive Color Demo

The Munsell System of Color Notation

CIE XYZ Color System

RGB Color System

HSV Cone Model

Pantone Matching System colors

Your Textbook: 125-127

Mechanisms of Color

Hermann von Helmholtz

Helmholtz's Color Mixing Experiments

Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory

Spectral Sensitivity of Photoreceptors (2)

Ewald Hering

Return to the Color Circle

Colored Afterimages

Another Look at the Retina

Your Textbook: 120-124, 128-134

7/15
M

Color Blindness and Color Deficiencies

Your Textbook: 135-36

Color Contrast and Color Constancy

Color Constancy

Return to Issue of Source of Illuminance

Edwin Land - Mondrian Experiments

Chromatic Illuminance vs. Reflectance

Your Textbook: 138-43

Finding Edges vs. Filling In

Return to Diagram of Eye

Stabilized Retinal Image

Subjective Colors

7/16
T

Question & Answer/Review [ Study Guide ]

TEST 2
   
Test 2 Results
VISION II
7/17
W

Space, Distance, & Depth - Binocular Cues

Corresponding Retinal Points

Noncorresponding Retinal Points

The Horopter and Retinal Disparity

The Horopter and Panum's Area

Your Textbook: 162-166

Manipulation of Binocular Cues to Produce
Depth Effects

Producing Retinal Disparity

Anaglyphs

Modern Anaglyph - RealD 3D

Nintendo 3DS - Parallax Barrier Technology

Bela Julez and the Random Dot Stereogram

Fooling Fusion - Single Image Stereograms

Your Textbook: 166-171

7/18
R

Space, Distance, & Depth - Monocular Cues

Monocular Cues

Linear Perspective Approach

Linear Perspective Technique

Ames Room (2 Mb QT Movie)

Ames Room Diagram

Anamorphic Illusions

Your Textbook: 152-159

7/22
M

Perception of Movement

Corollary Discharge Theory

Autokinetic Effect

Your Textbook: 235-240

Motion Parallax

Structure from Motion

James Jerome Gibson

Your Textbook: 160-161, 232-233

7/23
T

Stroboscopic Motion: Beta vs. Phi

Form

The Gestalt Psychologists and Von Ehrenfels

Ambiguous Figures

Laws of Grouping

The Problem of Prediction:

 

Object Recognition - Structural Approach

Object Recognition - View-point / Image Approach

Your Textbook: 91-112

7/24
W

Question & Answer/Review [ Study Guide ]

TEST 3
   
Test 3 Results

AUDITION: Parallels and Differences

7/25
R

Physics of Sound

Sound as a Sine Wave

Frequency

Amplitude

Phase Interference

Complex waves

A general problem for the hearing system

Your Textbook: 244-247

Auditory Physiology

Your Textbook: 249-54

7/29
M

Auditory Physiology & Pitch

Helmholtz - The inside of a piano

Rutherford

Wever & Bray (1937) - Volley Principle

Von Bekesy

 

Damaged Hearing

Otoacoustic Emissions

Cochlear Implant

Your Textbook: 254-261, 268-271

Psychophysics of Pitch and Loudness

Audibility Function

Equal Loudness Contour (Sound Demo)

Frequency to Pitch function

Amplitude-Frequency Shift (Equal Pitch Contours)

Speech Frequencies

Your Textbook: 264-268

7/30
T

Sound Localization

The General Problem

Interaural Intensity Difference - Frequency & Intensity

Interaural Time Difference

Your Textbook: 275-286

Auditory Scene Analysis

The General Problem

Principles of Auditory Grouping:

Your Textbook: 292-300

7/31
W

Music Pitch Perception

Guitar Note (a closer look)

Music note is a complex wave

Piano Note - Fourier Plot

Timbre

Timbre - Static Differences

Timbre - Dynamic Differences - ADSR

The Missing Fundamental Effect

Your Textbook: 286-292

Pitch as a linear scale - Piano Keyboard

Piano Frequencies

Octave effect

Pitch chroma circle

Octave Pitch vs. Frequency

Pitch as a helix

Shepard tone

Your Textbook: 303-309

Consonance & Dissonance

Note pairs produce different listening experiences: Example

Musical Consonance and Dissonance Chord Examples and Pattern (McDermott et al., 2010)

Prediction of Consonance and Dissonance: Physics and Physiology

Interactions Between Hearing & Seeing

Visual Capture

Your Textbook:

8/1
R

Question & Answer/Review [ Study Guide ]

TEST 4

   
TEST 5