Kenneth M. Steele (Professor)
		Methods of contact Kenneth M. Steele, Ph.D. Department of Psychology Appalachian State University Boone, NC 28608 Voice: (828) 262 2272 ext. 436 e-mail: steelekm@appstate.edu Web page: www.appstate.edu/~steelekm

Education

• 1985-1987 National Research Service Award Fellow, Duke University
• Ph.D. 1985, University of Tennessee-Knoxville
• M.A. 1978, Bryn Mawr College
• A.B. 1973, University of Pennsylvania

Teaching Interests

Learning/Experimental Analysis of Behavior, Perception, Research Methods, History and Systems.

Research Interests

Nature of reinforcement effects, contingency and causality effects, spatial cognition, music perception, color perception, superstition, behavioral momentum, activity anorexia, color-priming effects, and the putative Mozart effect.

Recent Work

• Richardson, E., Graves, A. J., Denniston, J. C., & Steele, K. M. (2020, May).  Do aversive photographs produce the Perruchet effect?  Poster presented at the 32nd meeting of the Association for Psychological Science, Chicago, IL.
  
  
• Steele, K. M., Amador, M. N., Easter, L., & Ross, A. I. (2018, November). The effect of red on performance in an achievement task: Fourth failure to replicate. Poster presented at the 59th meeting of the Psychonomic Society, New Orleans, LA. Poster PDF
  
  
• Wagner, R. B., Dickinson, C. A., Steele, K. M., & Bergman, S. M. (2018, November). Tracking bias: Using eye-tracking to measure the effects of cognitive control in hiring situations. Poster presented at the 59th meeting of the Psychonomic Society, New Orleans, LA.
  
  
• Magaldino, C. M., Cabe, P. A., & Steele, K. M. (2018, November). Inertia-based haptic perception of disk diameter in a novel visual comparison task. Poster presented at the 59th meeting of the Psychonomic Society, New Orleans, LA.
  
  
• Magaldino, C. M., Cabe, P. A., & Steele, K. M. (2017, November). String-mediated inertial force-based haptic perception of disk diameter. Poster presented at the 58th meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Vancouver, BC. Poster PDF
  
  
• Steele, K. M., Sablan, N., Roper, M., Mitchell, J., Novachek, A., Retarides, J., & Stowe, A. (2017, November). The effect of red on performance in an achievement task: Third failure to replicate. Poster presented at the 58th meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Vancouver, BC. Poster PDF
  
  
• Magaldino, C. M., Cabe, P. A., & Steele, K. M. (2017, March). Can rotational inertia alone identify disk diameter? Poster presented at the 63rd annual meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association, Atlanta, GA.
  
  
• Graves, A., & Steele, K. M. (2016, November). Reexaming the TAR Effect and its influence on attitude formation. Poster presented at the 39th annual meeting of the Society of Southeastern Social Psychologists, Asheville, NC. Poster PDF
  
  
• Steele, K. M., Fisher, J., Novachek, A., Retarides, J., Vernon, A., Orr, W., & Martin, Z. (2016, November). The effect of red on performance in an achievement task: A second attempt. Poster presented at the 57th meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Boston, MA. Poster PDF
  
  
• Steele, K. M., Intriago, P., Stenborg, A., Roper, M., Pennington, J., Vettorazi. S., & Kirschner, B. (2015, November). Does the color red reduce performance in an achievement task? Poster presented at the 56th meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Chicago, IL. Poster PDF
  
  
• Steele, K. M., Rash, L., Kimura, N., Erath, T., Tobin, P., Gray, J., & Lusk, C. (2014, May). Does the color red reduce snack food consumption? Poster presented at the 26th annual meeting of the Association for Psychological Science, San Francisco, CA. Poster PDF
  
  
• Steele, K. M., Butts, A., Erath, T., Gray, J., Kimura, N., Marger, S., Tobin, P., & Wray, A. (2013, May). Failure to replicate the Mehta and Zhu (2009) color effect. Poster presented at the 25th annual meeting of the Association for Psychological Science. Poster PDF


• Steele, K. M., Baker, M., Kimura, N., Gray, J., Strickland, E., & Barrett, P. (2012, November). Can a Stroop procedure induce the Mehta and Zhu (2009) color effect? Poster presented at the 53rd meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Minneapolis, MN. Poster PDF


• Steele, K. M., Thorstenson, C., Sugg, K., Gurgainous, E., Stecher, A., & Putnam, E. (2011, November). Red, White, & Blue: Does background color affect solving anagrams? Poster presented at the 52nd meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Seattle, WA. Poster PDF


• Steele, K. M., Putnam, E., Ayers, A., Tracy, S., & Antolic, E. (2010, November). Does color influence anagram solution speed? Poster presented at the 51st meeting of the Psychonomic Society, St. Louis, MO. Poster PDF

Publications

• Steele, K. M., & Rash, L. L. (2021). Is the suppression effect of the color Red on snack food consumption reliable? Experimental Psychology, 68, 214-220. Reprint in PDF format 
  


• Steele, K. M. (2019). J. E. R. Staddon. In J. Vonk & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition & Behavior. Cham, CH: Springer. Reprint in PDF format
  
  
• Steele, K. M. (2019). Superstition experiment (Staddon & Simmelhag, 1971). In J. Vonk & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition & Behavior. Cham, CH: Springer. Reprint in PDF format
  
  
• O'Donnell, M., Nelson, L. D., Ackerman, E., Aczel, B., Akhtar, A., Aldrovandi, S., ... & Zrubka, M. (2018). Registered Replication Report: Dijksterhuis & van Knippenberg (1998). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13 (2), 268-294. OSF Project Page
  
  
• Steele, K. M. (2014). Failure to replicate the Mehta and Zhu (2009) color-priming effect on anagram solution times. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 21, 771-776. doi:10.3758/s13423-013-0548-3 Reprint in PDF format
  
  
• Steele, K. M. (2006). Unconvincing evidence that rats show a Mozart effect. Music Perception, 23, 455-458. Reprint in PDF format
  
  
• Steele, K. M., & Williams, A. K. (2006). Is the bandwidth for timbre invariance only one octave? Music Perception, 23, 215-220. Reprint in PDF format
  
  
• Steele, K. M. (2005/2006). Weak justification for combining groups: A reply to Schellenberg. Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, 4, 16-18. Reprint in PDF format
  
  
• Steele, K. M. (2005/2006). Do music lessons enhance IQ? A reanalysis of Schellenberg (2004). Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, 4, 6-9. Reprint in PDF format
  
  
• Steele, K. M. (2003). Do rats show a Mozart effect? Music Perception, 21, 251-265. Reprint in PDF format
  
  
• Steele, K. M. (2001). The "Mozart Effect": An example of the scientific method in operation. Psychology Teacher Network, 11, 2-5. Reprint in PDF format
  
  
• Smith, S. M., Steele, K. M., Greene, P., Stanny, C. J., Klein, E., Baxter, C., Bristow, A., Edwards, J.,  Herzog, C., Ross, L., Santoro, P., Smith, G., Forsyth, D. R., & Rubin, Z.  (2001). Case reponse for the class that (probably) cheated: Dr. Dill's dilemma. Ethics & Behavior, 11, 349-362. Reprint in PDF Format
  

• Steele, K. M.(2000). Arousal and mood factors in the "Mozart effect." Perceptual & Motor Skills, 91, 188-190. Reprint in PDF format

• Steele, K. M., Dalla Bella, S., Peretz, I., Dunlop, T., Dawe, L. A., Humphrey, G. K., Shannon, R. A., Kirby Jr., J. L., & Olmstead, C. G. (1999). Prelude or requiem for the 'Mozart effect'? Nature, 400, 827. Reprint in PDF format of Chabris, Steele et al., and Rauscher reply

• Steele, K. M., Bass, K. E., & Crook, M. D. (1999). The mystery of the Mozart effect: Failure to replicate. Psychological Science, 10, 366-369. Reprint in PDF format

• Steele, K. M., Brown, J. D., & Stoecker, J. A. (1999). Failure to confirm the Rauscher and Shaw description of recovery of the Mozart effect. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 88, 843-848. Reprint in PDF format

• Steele, K. M. (1998). Evolutionary drift in the psychology curriculum [Review of the book Experimental Psychology]. Contemporary Psychology, 43, 200-201.

• Steele, K. M., Dello Stritto, M. E., & Brigner, W. L. (1997).  Changes in perceived color with intermittent illumination. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 85, 759-765. Reprint in PDF format

• Steele, K. M., Ball, T. N., & Runk, R. (1997). Listening to Mozart does not enhance backwards digit span performance. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 84, 1179-1184. Reprint in PDF format
  
  
• Steele, K. M., Dello Stritto, M. E., & Brigner, W. L. (1996). A looming-recession threshold. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 82, 604-606. Reprint in PDF format
  
  
• Steele, K. M., Brigner, W. L., & Adkins, A. (1995). Perceived depth from simultaneous changes in length and direction of a single line. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 80, 579-584. Reprint in PDF format
  
  
• Steele , K. M. & Smithwick, L. E. (1989). First names and first impressions: A fragile relationship. Sex Roles, 21, 517-523. Reprint in PDF Format