Psychology 3214

Psychology 3214 Learning Calendar of Topics and Class Materials - Spring 2024
Classical Conditioning: Basics
Jan	17	W	Course Description & Requirements
	*	*	What is a reflex? -------------------------------------------------------------- The Issue of Continuity among Creatures A cat feeling harassed? A horse doing math? A parrot that understands language? Talk therapy for your pet? Koko's strange request -------------------------------------------------------------- Descartes: Inventor of the term Reflex (1596 - 1650) Human vs. Nonhuman Descartes Philosophy A walk through the gardens The mixed nature of humankind Mind and body Pineal gland in action -------------------------------------------------------------- Marshall Hall: Definition of Reflex (1790 - 1857) Brain vs. Spinal Cord Voluntary vs. Involuntary Response Distinction Reflex Definition -- #1 -------------------------------------------------------------- Another Definition: Predictable Relationship Ivan Sechenov Sechenov's Approach Pavlov's Definition of Reflex - Predictable Relationship B. F. Skinner (1931) Definition of Reflex - Correlation Reflex Definition -- #2 -------------------------------------------------------------- A Current Animal Cognition Controversy and more and Descartes A Skeptical Analysis of the Nonhuman Acquisition of Language focusing on Koko -------------------------------------------------------------- Summary of Two Definitions of Reflex
	*	*	The Classical Conditioning Effect Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849 - 1936) Pavlov in surgery Pavlov is awarded Nobel Prize Pavlov's Special Lab Pavlov in Lab Dog in apparatus Kymograph Records The issue of "Psychic Secretions" vs "Psychic Reflexes" - Sechenov - Reflexes of the Brain -------------------------------------------------------------- Label Classical Conditioning Exercise -------------------------------------------------------------- Human Digestive System The case of Alexis St. Martin -&- William Beaumont RadioLab podcast on Beaumont and St. Martin The Pavlov Institute of Physiology Pictures of Pavlov's Dogs [trivia] Pavlov's Steak [humor] Pavlov's Brother
	*	*	Acquisition of the Effect Eyeblink Conditioning -------------------------------------------------------------- Basic Procedures (Variation 1) Basic Procedures (Variation 2) Delay vs Trace (Variation 1) Delay vs Trace (Variation 2) -------------------------------------------------------------- Label Acquisition Procedure Exercise -------------------------------------------------------------- How to identify a specific Classical Conditioning procedure -------------------------------------------------------------- Bad CC Diagram
	*	*	Extinction of the Effect Spontaneous Recovery Effect (Rescorla, 2004) Rapid Reacquisition Latent Inhibition Effect Renewal Effect -------------------------------------------------------------- Rat in Classical Conditioning Procedure
	*	*	Inhibition - What does it mean? Effect or Process? Table of Contents from Pavlov (1927) Two types of Conditioning: Excitatory (response production) vs Inhibitory (response suppression) Differential Conditioning -- Why do responses go away? Bouton's counter answer Summary of 4 Extinction Effects
	*	*	Watson & Rayner (1920) Questions to focus on while reading Watson & Rayner -------------------------------------------------------------- John B. Watson -- Why he is famous? John B. Watson (1878 - 1958) Biographical Info On John B. Watson JBW's House JBW at Furman Watson and Rayner -------------------------------------------------------------- What is the effect of other stimuli? Generalization Gradient -- How to interpret and why it is important -------------------------------------------------------------- What happened to Little Albert? Current views -------------------------------------------------------------- Mary Cover Jones Jones (1924) - Elimination of Children's Fears
*	*	*	Application assignment #1 John B. Watson moves to Advertising -- More Classical Conditioning Example Ads: Old Style vs. New Style -------------------------------------------------------------- Adventures with Ludicrous CC Applications: Sexy Women Sell Firearms
Feb	5	*	Application Assignment #1 released on AsuLearn. Due by Feb 7, Noon.
Feb	7	*	Apply Classical Conditioning Analysis to Assignment #1
Feb	9	*	Question & Answer - Review [ Study Guide ]
Feb	12	*	Test 1
			Test 1 Results Test 1 - 12:00
Classical Conditioning: Modern Work & Explanations
	*	*	Pavlov's Cortical Explanation Table of Contents from Pavlov (1927) Summary Analysis of the classical conditioning effect --------------------------------------------------------------- Lecture 17 & the Shenger-Krestovnikova Experiment - (What does "Experimental Neurosis" effect tell us?) -------------------------------------------------------------- J. Hughlings Jackson Homunculus
	*	*	What makes a good CS? -------------------------------------------------------------- Pavlov Analysis of the effect -------------------------------------------------------------- Robert Rescorla Contiguity vs. Contingency in basic conditioning procedure Rescorla experimental procedure Practice exercise with Contiguity vs Contingency analysis --------------------------------------------------------------
	*	*	What makes a good UCS? Pavlov's Answer - Biological Potency the Blocking Effect & Kamin's Answer Blocking Effect - Lecture Summary Blocking Effect Results - Summary Kamin's Explanation of Classical Conditioning -------------------------------------------------------------- Leo Kamin & Harvard in the 1950s - Kamin's Account
	*	*	Prediction of Conditioning Effects Current approach of thinking about Classical Conditioning effect Rescorla - Wagner Model Rescorla - Wagner Model Acquisition Process (So you want to be a CS, Laddie?) Rescorla - Wagner Model Summary
	*	*	Rescorla - Wagner Model Successes & Failures Rescorla - Wagner Model - Extinction & Latent Inhibition Summary
			Comparator Hypothesis Textbook:
	*	*	Prediction of the Conditioned Response Solomon's Opponent Process Model Solomon, Kamin, & Wynne apparatus Hedonic changes with experience #1 #2 #3 General Pattern of Response Dynamics of Pattern - Early Dynamics of Pattern - Many Encounters Early vs. Late Opponent Process Model Summary -------------------------------------------------------------- Homeostasis -- The active body attempts to maintain the 'optimal' state W B Cannon - Wisdom of the Body Example -- Body Temperature Regulation -------------------------------------------------------------- Prediction of Tolerance, Craving, and Withdrawal Shepard Siegel Opponent responses in heroin use Siegel & Ellsworth (1986) -- The Siegel, Hinson, Krank & McCully (1982) Experiment -- Title page of the experiment Results of the experiment Tolerance = Craving = Withdrawal is same conditioning effect dependent on CS and UCS presence. -------------------------------------------------------------- Reminder -- Analysis of the Classical Conditioning effect according to Pavlov Karl Zener Zener Cards Shuttle Box Apparatus
Mar	1	*	-------------------------------------------------------------- Application assignment #2 -------------------------------------------------------------- *Application assignment due by noon on March 4*
			Other "opponent process" cases Rebound headaches Nasal Spray addiction Tachyphylaxis Rebound Effects Is this a good way to deal with antidepressant "poop out"?
Mar	6	*	Question & Answer - Review [ Study Guide ]
Mar	8	*	Test 2
			Test 2 Results Test 2 - 12:00
Mar	11-15	*	Spring Break
Operant Conditioning: "Law of Effect" Basics
	*	*	Thorndike introduces the Law of Effect Charles Darwin - Voyage of the Beagle Continuity Among Species - Darwin's Finches Comparative Psychology - George Romanes argues by Anecdote Edward Lee Thorndike tests the mental continuity argument Example Puzzle Box More Actual Puzzle Boxes Actual Learning Curve Thorndike's Law of Effect -------------------------------------------------------- Summary of Darwin's Theory of Evolution Relationship of Theory of Evolution to Law of Effect -------------------------------------------------------- Thorndike and Connectionism Neural Nets, Machine Learning, and the New Connectionism -------------------------------------------------------- A short, fun, and useful read... Introduction to Animal Intelligence by E. L. Thorndike -------------------------------------------------------- Complex behavior does not mean a complex brain Building a spider web
	*	*	Alternative explanations of the Puzzle Box results J. B. Watson -- Watson's alternative analysis of Thorndike's Puzzle Box results Guthrie and Horton Puzzle Box Cat B Cat G Edwin Guthrie's alternative Brian Wansink - Mindless Eating Textbook: 325-326 -------------------------------------------------------- Modern Version of Guthrie (with a smidgen of Skinner) BJ Fogg "Tiny Habits" Video Here
	*	*	Three approaches to a "Law of Effect" Hull - Drive reduction (Need--Drive Hypothesis) S-R Diagram and Label Terms Example Postulate Summary of Hull Need-Drive Theory
	*	*	A Problem for Hull - Harry Harlow Harlow's General Procedures Harlow's Results Harlow (1958) Fig. 5 Harlow (1958) Fig. 6 Another Problem for Hull? -------------------------------------------------------- Meehl - Transituational Law of Effect - Meehl (1950) Summary of Transituational Law of Effect Textbook:
	*	*	Skinner - Empirical Law of Effect (1904 - 1990) -------------------------------------------------------- Positive Reinforcement Tutorial Negative Reinforcement University Skinner (1953) - Empirical Law of Effect Example circularity problem Brief biography of Skinner by his daughter Another biography of Skinner by Howard Rachlin Skinner In His Own Words Textbook: 213-232
	*	*	Empirical Law of Effect Exercises Label the effect #1 Label the effect #2 Label the effect #3 Label the effect #4 Label the effect #5 Label the effect #6 Label the effect #7 Label the effect #8 Label the effect #9 Label the effect #10 -------------------------------------------------------- Summary of Empirical Law of Effect Analysis -------------------------------------------------------- Nutraloaf: Food as a punisher? Can food be a punisher? Bart & Lisa use a contingency. But what is the contingency?
		*
Apr	5	*	Question & Answer - Review [ Study Guide ]
Apr	8	*	Test 3
			Test 3 Results Test 3 - 12:00
Apr	12		*Application assignment #3* Due April 17
Operant Conditioning: Modern Work & Theory
*	*	*	Origin of New Responses Skinner - Shaping by successive approximations Girl with Violin Skinner's Minnesota Lab Pigeons Playing Ping Pong Operant Conditioning Chamber -------------------------------------------------------------- Skinner Shaping a Response [Warning: 6 Mb file] Training Rats as Bomb Detectors (The Video) Pouched Rat at Work Charles Mingus Trains a Cat to Use a Toilet Panhandle Story Skinner (1951) How to Teach Animals --------------------------------------------------------------
	*	*	Reinforcement schedules Operant Chamber Operation of a Cumulative Recorder Real Cumulative Recorder Bank of Cumulative Recorders --------------------------------------------- Development of Skinner's Operant Chamber Skinner (1956) - Figure 5 Skinner (1956) - Figure 8 Skinner (1956) - Figure 12 --------------------------------------------- Skinner (1956) - A Case History in Scientific Method ---------------------------------------------
	*	*	Reinforcement schedules - Summary 4 Schedule Performances --------------------------------------------- Fish Hunter Games Game Table Here Game Demo Here Another Game Demo Here How to Play Here Article on Fish Hunter Games Here Article on Hooked Player Here --------------------------------------------- Nir Eyal - What makes Technonology so Habit-Forming? Video Here Verbal Description Here Summary of "Hooked" Here --------------------------------------------- KMS at Harrah's --------------------------------------------- Skinner (1960) Pigeons in a Pelican Nose Cone Outside Nose Cone Inside
	*	*	Reinforcer "Value" - I Pigeon in Operant Chamber Multiple Schedules - Behavioral Contrast
			Reinforcer "Value" - II Concurrent schedules Matching effect vs. Matching Law Richard Herrnstein (left) and James Q. Wilson Herrnstein (1961) Results
			Reinforcer "Value" - III Temporal Discounting & Self-Control Howard Rachlin Temporal Discounting Function Self-Control Problem Self Control Problem 2
	*	*	Into the future... Premack Approach to the Law of Effect Premack's RunDrink Apparatus Premack: Reward and Punishment vs Freedom Premack Summary Premack Reinforcement Principle Textbook: 279-281
	*	*	Premack's Analysis of Punishment Both Premack Principles
	*	*	Timberlake & Allison - Response Deprivation Theory
	*	*	Response Deprivation Theory Response Deprivation Example
	*	*	Punishment Timberlake Disequilibrium Model Application assignment #4
	*	*	Application assignment due Discussion of Application Assignment
			Classical vs. Operant - Identifying & Interactions Breland & Breland (1961) IQ Zoo The Tic-Tac-Toe Chicken BFS vs the Chicken Handshaping vs. Autoshaping Long Box Autoshaping Negative Autoshaping Why is the child crying?
Apr	26	*	Questions & Answers - Review [ Study Guide ]
Apr	29	*	Test 4
			Test 4 Results Test 4 - 12:00
May	1	*	Discuss Optional Final Exam Final Exam: Monday - 5/6 - 11:00