Psychology 3215 Perception - Spring 2024
DAY	TOPICS and CLASS MATERIALS
Psychophysics - Measurement of Subjective Experience
1/17	Structure of Course, Requirements, etc.
*	Founding of Psychophysics Classic Visual Illusions - What do they tell us? A strong Ponzo Illusion Brightness illusion St. Louis Arch Zollner Illusion An interactive Muller-Lyer illusion Standard Explanation of Illusions  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Fechner disagrees with the Standard Explanation Fechner: The mind-body problem and the importance of the absolute threshold Classical Psychophysical Techniques Methods  Practice Exercise for determining the Absolute Threshold Normal Distribution Minibiographies of Fechner - Boring 1961 - Boring 1966 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Visual Illusion vs. Optical Illusion Your Textbook: 9-12
*	Methods (Cont.)
*	Difference Thresholds Picture of Ernst Weber Method Typical Outcome  Calculations  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Practice Exercise for determining a Difference Threshold More Practice Explaining a Difference Threshold ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Difference thresholds & Weber's Law  Weber's Law (v.2.0) Example Weber Fractions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Your Textbook: 12-14
*	Fechner's Law ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Fechner - The Fundamental Relationship Fechner's Law Equation Exercise to guide you through Fechner's Law ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ A  Brief Visit to the Land of Logarithms Table of Logarithms Common Logarithm Plot  Binary Logarithm Plot Piano Notes Psychophysical Function of Pitch & Frequency Octave Effect f/Stops with Camera Lens  Polygon Spiral Logarithmic Spiral Weather System Spiral Logarithmic Spiral in Nautilus Shell ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Slide Rule:  Your logarithmic buddy Example 1      Example 2 Basic Operation    Basic Operation (with details) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Additive Scale Standard Ruler     Another Standard Ruler  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Fechner's Law vs Weber's Law Brightness:  Another way to think about the psychophysical relationship Is it JNDs or equal units of psychological change that you seek?  Are they different? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Your Textbook: 14-15
*	Magnitude estimation & Stevens' Power Law Magnitude Estimation Demo Results of Magnitude Estimation Task with Circles Power Law Possible Relationships How The Exponent is Calculated Example Exponents Power Law Exercise ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary of 3 Classic Psychophysics Laws ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Your Textbook: 16
*	Signal Detection Theory SDT Method Summary Basic SDT Outcome Table Sample Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve Separating Strategy from Sensitivity in ROC curve Practice exercise interpreting ROC curves Normal Distribution again Use a Percentile to Z score calculator to do the computations of d' and C. --------------------------------------------------------- SDT - Medical - Terminology Sensitivity vs. Specificity --------------------------------------------------------- View of Pearl Harbor from Japanese War Plane --------------------------------------------------------- Your Textbook: 540-550
*	Signal Detection Theory Detection Problems Mammogram from UW Radiology Bombs in Luggage Signal Detection Theory 3 HIV Tests - from Swets (1992) --------------------------------------------------------- SDT in your life now: At home Covid-19 tests  Use a Percentile to Z score calculator to do the computations of d' and C. --------------------------------------------------------- Gorilla in the Misty Xray - The Xray Your Textbook:
2/9	It's all about 3 guys ... ... and their descendants Question & Answer/Review [ Study Guide ]
2/12	Test 1
	Test 1 Results Test Results - 9:00 Test Results - 10:00
Vision 1 - Physics, Physiology, Brightness, & Color
*	Physics of Light Light is a portion of the Electromagnetic Spectrum Visible Spectrum Basic Terminology of Situation Relationship between Visual Angle & Retinal Image size Stratton (1897) - Inverted Retinal Image issue Living in a Reversed World - Ivo Kohler Your Textbook: 41-43 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Structure of our Eyes Detailed Diagram of Eye Saggital Schematic with Retinal Section Another Diagram of Eye Front of Eye Anatomy of Lens Human Retina My Myopic Crescent & Choroidal Folds Diagram of the Retina Better Retina Diagram Notice the size of Aimee's fovea Human Fovea Rod/Cone Distribution Another map of Rod/Cone Distribution Acuity Threshold ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Cat Tapetum Simple Diagram of other Eyes Compound Eye Compound Eye Circuitry Eye Movement Tutorial Why do I have blue eyes? [Eye Color 1] [Eye Color 2] Here are instructions for the do-it-yourselfer: Cow's Eye Everything you wanted to know about the Vertebrate Retina Your Textbook: 43-58
*	Structure of Eye continued Visual Pathways
*	Duplex Retina Dark Adaptation Function -- Basic effect Purkinje Shift Effect Luminous Efficiency Function Luminous Efficiency Function - Daylight vs Night Visual Pigment Bleaching and Regeneration experiments Two Separate Visual Systems in each Eye!! Dark Adaptation Curve Range of Light Intensities Night Blindness - Vitamin A Deficiency (Hecht & Mandelbaum, 1940) Achromatopsia - Island of the Color Blind Your Textbook: 59-60 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Diseases/Disorders of the Eye Red Reflex Test Age-related Macular Degeneration AMD-dry AMD-wet Effect Amsler Test Effect 2 Retinitis Pigmentosa Problem Effect Diabetic Retinopathy Cataract ----- KMS 2004 ----- KMS 2015 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Compound Eye (House Fly) Compound Eye Circuitry  Compound Eye (Drosophila - The Famous Fruit Fly) Compound Eye Circuitry of Drosophila  ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Wolf Spider Eyes: WS1 WS2 WS3 WS4 WS5 WS6 WS7 ----------------------------------------------------------------------  Anableps - The 4-eyed Fish Close View of Eye of Anableps Another Close View of Eye of Anableps Diagram of Eye of Anableps Anableps in Vancouver Acquarium Looking for relaxation?  Check out the jelly fish at the Vancouver Acquarium Your Textbook: 70-74
*	Brightness Constancy & Brightness Contrast Reminder: Basic Terminology of Situation Physics: Illuminance, Luminance, Reflectance Psych: Brightness, Lightness Reflectance vs Luminance = The Coal is always black and the chalk is always white. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Example of Simultaneous Brightness Contrast (adjustable) Example of Simultaneous Brightness Contrast (another adjustable) Example of Simultaneous Brightness Contrast McCourt Effect Benussi Rings Mach Bands Mach Bands - luminance vs lightness/brightness (adjustable) Example of Mach Bands Hermann Grid Illusion Hermann Grid Illusion #2 Hermann Grid Illusion on Steroids? (Scintillating Grid Illusion) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- The Horseshoe Crab (Limulus) Limulus again Compound Eye  Compound Eye Structure  Lateral Plexus Lateral Inhibition Circuit Lateral Inhibition Effect Diagram of Human Retina ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Back to the problem of the Blind Spot  Return to the Back of the Eye - Problem of Pseudo-edges Stabilized Retinal Image Fading Dot The Krauskopf Jiggle Experiment - Jiggle the outer disk of the Fading Dot experiment -- What happens? Compound Eyes deal with the Problem of Eye Movement ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Issue of Luminance vs Reflectance Adelson Checker Shadow Illusion [Original] [Analysis] [Both] More cool illusions from the Adelson web site Spatial Frequency and Hybrid Images Illusory Staircase Gelb Effect ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Another reason to thank the Horseshoe Crab Horseshoe Crab Blood Article on Horseshoe Crab blood harvesting Your Textbook:
*	Brightness Constancy & Brightness Contrast cont.
*	Color!!! Newton's Separation Experiment - Demo Prism in operation Newton's Mixing Experiment Dimensions of Color - Better Visible Spectrum Issue of Source of Illuminance Creating colors from mixing different wavelengths: 2 methods Additive Color Demo Subtractive Color Demo Additive & Subtractive Color Demo The Color Circle  ---------------------------------------------------------------------- The Problem of Describing Color The Munsell System of Color Notation - Subtractive System CIE XYZ Color System - Additive System ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Systems ----- Additive System -- RGB Color System Subtractive System - Pantone (generally referred to as the Evil Empire)  Pantone Matching System colors Pantone - RGB Conversions ---------------------------------------------------------------------- The problem of device gamut The problem of unequal JNDs MacAdam (1931) Discrimination Ellipses The CIE 1976 Solution: CIE Luv HSV Cone Model RGB Color Mixing Demo ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Official ASU Colors in both Additive and Subtractive specification systems Meet the Blacks! Munsell Crayola Crayons ---------------------------------------------------------------------- And don't forget the CIE Line of Purples  ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Your Textbook: 155-162
*	Mechanisms of Signaling Different Colors ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Hermann von Helmholtz Helmholtz's Color Mixing Experiments  Color Mixing Experiments Results  Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory Summary  ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ewald Hering - Opponent Process Theory Hering's Objections to Trichromatic Theory Return to the Color Circle Colored Afterimages Colored Afterimages 2 Colored Afterimages 3 Opponent Process Theory Summary     ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Spectral Sensitivity of Photoreceptors  Better Spectral Sensitivity Figure (and why is that?) Another Look at the Retina Opponent Process Circuit CIE L*A*B* color system ---------------------------------------------------------------------- New Explanation of Evolution of Color Vision in Mammals The Mantis Shrimp - 16 Photopigments!  Peacock Mantis Shrimp!  Maxwell's Additive Color Mixing System Your Textbook: 163-166, 170-176
*	Color Blindness - Color Deficiencies - Different Color Palette? Reference Spectral Sensitivity Figure Protanopia -- Deuteranopia -- Tritanopia Dichromatic Color Blindness Summary  Some types of Color Blindness are a Sex-linked Trait X vs Y Chromosome  Differences Simulation of Color Blindness Another Simulation of Color Blindness ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Tests for Color Deficiencies Shinobu Ishihara   Ishihara Test - Demo Ishihara Test - Transformation Ishihara Test - Vanishing Ishihara Test - Hidden Digit Ishihara Test - Diagnostic ---------------------------- Farnsworth D15 Test D-15 Patterns for color blindness Try the D15 Test HERE Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hues Test Try the F-M 100 Hues Test HERE ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Do some women have 4 color receptors? What is the problem with the Y Chromosome? Your Textbook: 183-186
	Color Contrast and Color Constancy Simultaneous Color Contrast Example #1 Example #2 More examples (some from Josef Albers, Interaction of Color) #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 Yet Another Contrast Example Return to the Color Circle (Complementary Colors) Another Look at the Retina -------------------------------------------- Color Constancy Return to Issue of Source of Illuminance Edwin Land - Mondrian Experiments Surface vs Illuminance Issue Purves Contrast Cube Purves Constancy Cube Purves Lab @ Duke Return to issue of Scaling and Lightness Your Textbook: 177-182 -------------------------------------------- White Dress/Blue Dress? and the answer is...
	Finding Edges vs. Filling In Return to Diagram of Eye Stabilized Retinal Image Return to Simultaneous Brightness Contrast Return to Hermann Grid Illusion Return to Simultaneous Color Contrast Fading Dot Illusion Fading Dot Color AfterEffect Illusion Kaniza Figure Spreading Neon Illusion Subjective Colors Benham's Top MacKay Star Color Vision Issues & Painting Topic 1 - Paint & Color (a) Tempera vs. Oil 1 2 3 Topic 2 - Color Interactions (a) Color Enhancement 1 Michelangelo (b) Color & Light Monet Topic 3 - Luminance and Equiluminance (a) Equiluminance Anuszkiewicz Monet (b) Luminance Differences Michelangelo DaVinci Topic 4 - Foveal vs. Peripheral Vision Poussin Impressionists
3/6	Question & Answer/Review [ Study Guide ] ----------------------------------------------------------- Pay more for a Sharp Quattron? Claimed Gamut Change RadioLab show on Color xkcd explains color (Thanks, Ellie)
3/8	TEST 2
	Test 2 Results Test Results - 9:00 Test Results - 10:00
3/11-3/15	SPRING BREAK
Vision 2 - Space, Distance, & Depth
*	Space, Distance, & Depth - Overview of Topics  The issue of size vs distance  Binocular Cues and Retinal Disparity  Corresponding Retinal Points Noncorresponding Retinal Points The Horopter and Retinal Disparity The Horopter and Retinal Disparity 2 The Horopter and Panum's Area Retinal Disparity Vieth-Muller Circle ------------------------------------------------- Your Textbook: 208-212
*	Manipulation of Binocular Cues to Produce Depth Effects Wheatstone Stereoscope  The Binocular Stereogram-- -- What is a Binocular Stereogram?  Example:  The Blue Bus  -- How is it viewed?  Example  -- 20th Century example:  ViewMaster   ViewMaster Reel   Nintendo VirtualBoy Nintendo 3DS - Parallax Barrier Technology (Meta) Oculus Quest 2     Meta Quest Pro       ------------------------------------------------- Anaglyphs Effect of Looking at an Anaglyph through a Red Filter How the Anaglyph Produces its Depth Effects Example Anaglyphs (red/cyan glasses required) Example1 Example2 Example3 Example4 Example5 Example6 Example7 NSG Examples Example1 Example2 Example3 Airplane Anaglyphs: P38 T33 T33 Floatplane Dogfight ------------------------------------------------- Modern Approach - Polarization - Example 1 - Example 2  Modern Anaglyph - RealD 3D ------------------------------------------------- Bela Julez and the Random Dot Stereogram Fooling Fusion - Single Image Stereograms (a.k.a "Magic Eye") The Problem with Repeated Patterns (a.k.a. "Wallpaper Effect") How a SIS works Example SIS #1 Example SIS #2 Example SIS #3 ------------------------------------------------- The Google Cardboard Project Cardboard Viewer - Unassembled Cardboard Viewer - Assembled Cardboard Viewer - Inserting Phone Viewmaster adopts Cardboard protocol ------------------------------------------------- Binocular Rivalry - Different Images to same location on the two Retinas - What will happen? Wheatstone Stereoscope: S vs A  Binocular Rivalry Example (requires red/cyan glasses) ------------------------------------------------- Rangefinder Cameras use Binocular Disparity to Focus  Argus C3 Rangefinder Camera (1938-1966) View 1 - A Colormatic View 2 - Parts Identified View 3 - Cutaway to Show Inside View 4 - Skinned C3! ------------------------------------------------- Weird 3D Cameras A cool 3-D camera from the 1950s - The Coronet A cool 3-Camera from the 1980s - The Nimslo lenticular Camera     (What is a lenticular image?) Another cool 3-D camera from the 1950s - the David White Realist  ------------------------------------------------- Your Textbook: 212-216
*	Space, Distance, & Depth - Monocular Cues - Summary  Monocular Cues Example Size-Distance Issue for Retinal Images  - Example  Linear Perspective Approach Linear Perspective Technique  -- Camera Shot Illustration  Location with respect to Horizon --  ASU Real Life Version   (Small Clouds vs Distant Clouds?)  Aerial Perspective Example Another Aerial Perspective Example - Leap of Faith (1939) - J. A. Hampton Shadow Cue -- W M Harnett Violin & Music -- Borrell del Caso Escaping Criticism   ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ames Room Illusion: Important or Trivial? Ames Room (2 Mb QT Movie) Ames Room Diagram ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Illusions related to Linear Perspective 3-D Pavement Art Illusions: Julian Beever & Kurt Wenner More cute 3-D Pavement Art:  David Zinn  X Room Illusion Rubik's Cube Illusion Gigantic 3D Cat on Tokyo billboard ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fredo Art - (Wladimir Inostroza) - Shadow Cue Illusions Hovering Bugs - Elephant - Bottle - Bitten Finger - Cut Finger ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Illusions that illustrate we are driven by local features Impossible trident The Balcony Drawings of M. C. Escher Hogarth 1753 - funny joke on attending to false perspectives ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Moon illusion - Explanation still under contention Moon Illusion ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Foreshortening Effect Foreshortening Effect to manipulate Size-Distance issue Effect occurs in Real Life  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sometimes pictures don't deceive! Robert Wadlow -  World's tallest man  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Your Textbook: 193-203
	Richard Gregory "Inappropriate Scaling" Theory Ponzo Illusion Muller-Lyer Illusion Poggendorf Illusion Zollner Illusion Dumbbell Illusion
*	Perception of Movement  Speed Constancy - Retinal Image Speed vs Object Speed - Diagram  Velocity Transposition effect - Diagram - Video Example  Retinal Image movement vs Object movement - Summary of Problem  Corollary Discharge Theory ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Autokinetic Effect Another variant of the Autokinetic Effect Expanding Heart - another Autokinetic Effect Motion Induced Blindness Motion effect with Afterimages Your Textbook: More Motion Illusions by Akiyoshi Kitaoka -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*	Depth Cues Topics Motion Parallax Example James Jerome Gibson Simple Motion Parallax Diagram Motion Parallax Diagram with Horopter ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gibson's Ecological Approach to Perception ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Motion Aftereffect Standard Induced Motion Example Shadow Cues and Motion (2nd example) Structure from Motion 1 (Accretion & Deletion) Structure from Motion - The Aperture Issue (aka Barber Pole Illusion) Structure from Motion 2 (Local vs. Global Occlusion) Structure from Motion 3 (Kinetic Depth Effect) Structure from Motion 4 (Biological Motion) Structure from Motion 4b (Biological Motion) Depth from Motion 1 Depth from Motion 2 Living in a Reversed World - Erismann & Kohler, narrated by JJ Gibson Texture Gradient 1 Texture Gradient 2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Optic Flow Eleanor Gibson and the Visual Cliff experiment Visual Cliff Results ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Your Textbook:204-207
*	Stroboscopic Motion: Beta vs. Phi and MagnaPhi Static Image Beta Motion = Object Motion Beta (300 ms) - Beta (150 ms) Helmholtz - Unconscious Inference Stroboscopic Motion: Wagon wheel Illusion 1 Stroboscopic Motion: Wagon wheel Illusion 2 Does the Wagon Wheel Illusion Occur In Continuous Light? (Purves et al., 1996) Saccadic Suppression Phi (40 ms) Motion = "Pure" Motion ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pac-man Illusion Article on Motion Illusions by Stuart Anstis Motion Demos by George Mather
*	Form The Gestalt Psychologists and Von Ehrenfels ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Figure-Ground Distinction Ambiguous Figure 1 [Rubin (1915) and an interesting variant and a superhero variant] Ambiguous Figure 2 [Jastrow (1899) and a NC variant] Ambiguous Figure 3 (Necker, 1832) Ambiguous Figure 4 - Adolescence (Salvador Dali, 1941) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Grouping - Principle of Prägnanz Kanizsa Triangle 1 4 Laws of Grouping Grouping by Common Fate Gabor - Good continuation Glass Patterns - Proximity The Problem of Prediction: 1 2 3 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Kanizsa Triangle 2 New Illusion - Moving Kanizsa Pyramid! Motion-induced Blindness Ouchi Illusion - Ouchi Illusion (adjustable) Breathing Square - Importance of Local Cues ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Object Recognition - Structural Approach Object Recognition - View-point / Image Approach Greeble - Greeble Identification - Greeble is a Verb! 1 2 Thatcher Illusion - the USA Version Change Blindness - Airplane Change Blindness - Chopper Change Blindness - Dinner Plate Change Blindness - Money Change Blindness - Merry Go Round Change Blindness - Frogs Change Blindness - Workroom Change Blindness - Bistro Classic Form Illusions Koffka Ring: Effect of Grouping on Simultaneous Contrast White's Illusion: Effect of Grouping on Simultaneous Contrast Your Textbook: 120-136
4/5	Question & Answer/Review [ Study Guide ]
4/8	Test 3
	Test 3 Results Test Results - 9:00 Test Results - 10:00
Hearing:  Parallels and Differences
*	Physics of Sound - Summary  Sound as Pressure Change Sound as Vibration Sound as Waves Sound as a Sine Wave Sound as a Sine Wave with Phase Angles (Large) Frequency Amplitude Common Amplitudes Phase Interference More complex waves A general problem for the hearing system ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Relationship between Wavelength and Frequency (log scale conversions) (dB Racing Article ) (Or listen to a story on dB racing from "This American Life") (World's Loudest Wheelbarrow) Lowest Sung Note Howard Knob Wind Turbine Inside the Quietest Room on Earth (-20 dB) At the other end, The Grateful Dead's Wall of Sound (600+ speakers, +127 dB) Even more extreme, a shrimp that can produce a 210 dB pulse A Shrimp that Kills with Sound Your Textbook: 330-337
*	Auditory Physiology 1000 Hz tone The Ear Middle Ear Inner Ear Normal IHC function Your Textbook: 339-348
*	Auditory Physiology & Pitch What is Pitch? Helmholtz - Resonance Theory - The inside of a piano Rutherford - Frequency Theory Wever & Bray (1937) - Volley Principle Von Bekesy - Place Theory Von Bekesy's Mechanical Model Von Bekesy's Results A Traveling Wave Basilar Membrane Animation   Fourier Analysis Good summary video of the entire sequence Your Textbook:
*	Damaged Hearing Conductive Loss vs. Sensorineural Loss   Normal OHC Damaged OHC Damaged Hair Cells Comparison of Normal & Damaged Hair Cells Presbycusis ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Measuring Hearing Loss Tuning Fork tests How to do a tuning fork test ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Audiogram How to read an audiogram Example Audiogram Example Audiogram showing Sensorineural Loss Example Audiogram showing Conductive Loss Range of Hearing Loss ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Otoacoustic Emissions! Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions Spontaneous Otoacoustic Emissions ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Extreme Therapies  Cochlear Implant Description of Cochlear Implant in operation Mammano & Nobili Cochlea Site Cochlear Implant Simulations for Speech & Music Implant Simulations of Speech Hearing Loss Simulation Additional Implant Simulations ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bone Anchored Hearing Aid  Parts of BAHA Appearance of BAHA ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ATC Story about Mosquito Tone 17Khz Tone ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Recent Article on Earplugs for Concerts located Here ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Your Textbook: 356-363
*	Psychophysics of Pitch and Loudness S. S. Stevens  --  Proposed Scales  Audibility Function Equal Loudness Contour (Sound Demo) Frequency to Pitch function Frequency to Mel function Amplitude-Frequency Shift (Equal Pitch Contours) Speech Frequencies ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Doppler Effect and 2 Police Cars Neuhoff-McBeath Doppler Illusion Your Textbook: 333-336
*	Sound Localization The General Problem  Parallels between Hearing and Seeing ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Binaural Disparity -- Basic Factors    Directions terminology - Relative Bearing/Relative Azimuth Basic situation Interaural Intensity Difference - Frequency & Intensity Interaural Time Difference Stevens & Newman (1936) - Experimental Set-up Cone of Confusion ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Head Related Transfer Function (HRTF) Head Motion: Speakers vs Headphones Music The problem of Echoes: Outside vs. Inside Effect of Separation Time of Sounds (Reverberation Time Demo) Head Size & High Frequency Hearing (Heffner, 1983) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Visual Capture - Vision Cues dominate Hearing Cues Ventriloquism Examples Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy Edgar Bergen On Stage  Shari Lewis & Lamb Chop Shari Lewis On Stage 12 year-old Darci Lynne Farmer  On Stage  Darci Lynne's performance makes Simon Cowell blush ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Your Textbook: 374-384
	Auditory Scene Analysis - Summary  Back to The General Problem ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Effect of Sounds on the Basilar Membrane Basilar Membrane Animation Fourier Analysis The Problem of Grouping Sounds ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Albert Bregman Spatial Location Principles of Auditory Grouping: Simultaneous Grouping Sequential Grouping Pitch Similarity Proximity in Time Good Continuation Repetition Temporal Proximity vs. Similarity - Wessel Effect Bregman's Auditory Scene Analysis Demo Site Your Textbook:
*	Music Pitch Perception Guitar Note (a closer look) Harmonics & Standing Waves Music note is a complex wave Piano Note - Fourier Plot Harmonics Differ Among Instruments Helmholtz - Fundamental vs Harmonics ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Timbre Middle C (C4) on Different Instruments Piano Acoustic Guitar Electric Guitar Bb Clarinet Baritone Saxophone Trumpet French Horn Tuba ---------------------------------------------------------------------- What are the Psychological Dimensions of Timbre? A Multi-Dimensional Scaling solution (Iverson & Krumhansl, 1993) Timbre - Static Differences Timbre is more than only harmonics - Demo Timbre - Dynamic Differences - ADSR ---------------------------------------------------------------------- The Missing Fundamental Effect - Challenge to Helmholtz Your Textbook:
*	Piano Keyboard Piano Action Pitch as a linear scale Piano Frequencies to produce equal increases in pitch Octave effect Pitch chroma circle - Concept of Chroma Octave Pitch vs. Frequency Pitch as a helix Chords Melody Melody 1a Melody 1b Rhythm ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Shepard Illusion Shepard tone Barber pole illusion Penrose Stairs Endless staircase - Shepard illusion Shepard Illusion - discrete steps [wav] [mp3] Risset continuous change [wav] [mp3] Your Textbook:
*	Consonance & Dissonance Piano Frequencies Note pairs produce different listening experiences: Example Musical Consonance and Dissonance Note-Pairs Examples and Pattern (McDermott et al., 2010) Prediction of Consonance and Dissonance: Physics and Physiology Physics: Auditory Beats Sequences - Musical Consonance and Dissonance Example 1 + End Example 2 + End Your Textbook:
	Interactions Between Hearing & Seeing Visual Capture - Vision Cues dominate Hearing Cues The Pseudophone: Hearing vs. Seeing The McGurk Effect Why the McGurk Effect Occurs ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Visual Capture - Ventriloquism Examples Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy Edgar Bergen On Stage  Shari Lewis & Lamb Chop Shari Lewis On Stage 12 year-old Darci Lynne Farmer  On Stage  Darci Lynne's performance makes Simon Cowell blush ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Your Textbook:
4/26	Question & Answer/Review [ Study Guide ]
4/29	TEST 4
	Test 4 Results Test 4 - 9:00 Test 4 - 10:00
5/1	How to prep for Optional Final Exam, Final Q &A
	Final Exam 9:00 Class - Monday - 5/6 - 8 AM 10:00 Class - Wednesday - 5/8 - 8 AM