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The
Semester of Who Knows What Will Happen
Psychology
5300 - Fall 2021
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Course
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8/17
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Class Goals Class Requirements |
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Concept(s) of the Reflex A parrot that understands language? ----------------------------------------------------------- Descartes The legacy of Descarte's mind-body dualism ----------------------------------------------------------- Marshall Hall Voluntary vs. Involuntary Distinction ----------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- Reflex Definition Summary Assignment 1: Descartes/Hall vs. Pavlov/Skinner
More on Alex A Current Animal Cognition Controversy A Skeptical Analysis of Nonhuman Language Acquisition Another Skeptical Analysis focusing on Koko Nim Chimpsky - Project Nim - Draft of Terrace Commentary ----------------------------------------------------------- |
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Pavlov's Discovery and the Basic Acquisition Effects Dog in apparatus (Yerkes & Morgulis, 1909) ----------------------------------------------------------- Acquisition procedures and effects: Diagrams, Diagrams, Diagrams Basic
Procedures (Variation 1) Basic Procedures (Variation 2) Assignment 2: Label Acquisition Procedure Exercise Assignment 3: Spot Acquisition Procedures in Daily Life ----------------------------------------------------------- Alexis St. Martin -&- William Beaumont RadioLab podcast on Beaumont and St. Martin William Beaumont Army Medical Center (El Paso, TX) ----------------------------------------------------------- Pictures of Pavlov's Dogs Pavlov Institute of Physiology ----------------------------------------------------------- Ivan Sechenov (1863) Reflexes of the Brain Brief Biography of Sechenov ----------------------------------------------------------- |
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Discussion of Assignments
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Classical Conditioning I: Extinction Do we need a concept of inhibition? Pavlov (1927) Table of Contents ----------------------------------------------------------- Spontaneous Recovery Figure 3 (Rescorla, 2004) -----------------------------------------------------------Cue Exposure Therapy: What is the issue? ----------------------------------------------------------- Assignment 4: Problem
of Relapse |
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Discussion of Assignment
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Classical Conditioning II: Predicting the CS Contiguity (Pavlov) vs. Contingency (Rescorla)
Pavlov Analysis of the effect ----------------------------------------------------------- Contingency Analysis ----------------------------------------------------------- Picture of Rescorla ----------------------------------------------------------- the sensory/motor Homunculus |
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Classical Conditioning III: Predicting the UCS Pavlov - Biological Potency Kamin
Blocking Effect -- Summary ----------------------------------------------------------- Assignment 5: Role
of a Stimulus in CC? |
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Discussion of Assignment
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Classical Conditioning IV: Predicting the Response Opponent Process Model Solomon, Kamin & Wynne Apparatus Hedonic Shift with Experience #1 #2 #3 Early Pattern in Opponent Process Model Later Pattern in Opponent Process Model ----------------------------------------------------------- Siegel Conditioning Analysis - Tolerance, Craving, and Withdrawal Siegel et al. (1982) - Title - Results ----------------------------------------------------------- Other "opponent process" examples Heartburn drugs can cause heartburn ----------------------------------------------------------- Assignment: Diet Coke I Assignment 6: Addicted
to Coke ----------------------------------------------------------- Pavlov - What is the CR? Analysis of the effect |
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Discussion
of Diet Coke I
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Diet Coke II ----------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- Why eating is dangerous ----------------------------------------------------------- The conditioning issue Swithers & Davidson - Figure 1 Swithers & Davidson - Figure 3 Swithers & Davidson - Figure 4 Swithers & Davidson - Figure 6 Swithers & Davidson - Figure 7 ----------------------------------------------------------- A similar issue Siegel (2011) Four-Loko Effect ----------------------------------------------------------- Assignment: Diet Coke II |
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Discussion of Diet Coke II |
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Evaluative Conditioning - Is it a new kind of
Conditioning? Zanna, Kiesler, & Pilkonis (1970) Walther, Weil, & Langer (2011) Assignment: Evaluative Conditioning |
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9/30
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Q & A [ Study Guide ] |
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10/5
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Test 1 (due Thursday, 10/7, 6 PM)
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Thorndike codifies the Law of Effect Charles Darwin - Voyage of the Beagle Continuity Among Species - Finches Comparative Psychology - George Romanes - Problem of Anecdotes Edward Lee Thorndike tests the mental continuity argument William James House (95 Irving St) Thorndike Example Learning Curves Thorndike Learning Curve - Example 2 ----------------------------------------------------------- Thorndike (1898) Intro to "Animal Intelligence" ----------------------------------------------------------- Thorndike's History ----------------------------------------------------------- Parallels between Evolution and Behavior Change Parallels
between Darwin's Theory and Thorndike's Law of Effect Selection by Consequences - Skinner (1981) The Introduction of Shaping - Skinner (1951) Historical Description of Discovery of Shaping: Peterson (2001) - Peterson (2004) ----------------------------------------------------------- Hal Herzog (1993) - Moral issues associated with accepting Darwin's "Continuity" argument ----------------------------------------------------------- The New Connectionism Neural Network with Back Propagation ----------------------------------------------------------- Examples of Quick Evolutionary Changes: ----------------------------------------------------------- |
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J. B. Watson and E. R. Guthrie against the Law of Effect C. L. Hull for the Law of Effect Watson's
Explanation of Learning Curve Clark Hull Need - Drive Hypothesis Hull (1943) Example Postulates Hull 1949 - Summary of System ----------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- History of Rat Mazes ----------------------------------------------------------- Issue of Awareness Brian Wansink - Mindless Eating Wansink et al. (2005) - Bottomless Soup Bowl Wenger & Wheatley (1999) - Do Thoughts Cause Behavior? Verplanck (1962) - Unaware of Where's Awareness ----------------------------------------------------------- Modern Version of Guthrie BJ Fogg "Tiny Habits" Video Here |
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Problems for the Need-Drive Hypothesis Harlow (1958) article Harlow's Results: After Hull ----------------------------------------------------------- The Prediction Issue: Postman (1947) History of the Law of Effect ----------------------------------------------------------- The Prediction Issue: Two classic solutions Trans-situational Law of Effect
Empirical Law of Effect B. F. Skinner - Skinner (1953) ----------------------------------------------------------- Assignment: Skinner vs. Hull on Theories Skinner (1950) - Are Theories of Learning Necessary? Importance of the Value of Hypothesis Testing and Theory - Hull (1935) ----------------------------------------------------------- Biography of Skinner by Howard Rachlin Schoenfeld (1978/1995) - The tangled history of the term "Reinforcement" ----------------------------------------------------------- History of the Maze in Research Another History of the Maze ----------------------------------------------------------- Meehl
(1973) - Why I do not attend Case Conferences |
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Practice with Skinner's Empirical Law of Effect ----------------------------------------------------------- Summary of Empirical Law of Effect method ----------------------------------------------------------- Assignment: Empirical
Law of Effect Cases ----------------------------------------------------------- Example Token Economy in a School Keep your eye on the contingency - Kerr 1975/1995 Keep your eye on the contingency - Ayllon & Michael (1959) Keep your eye on the contingency - Homer's Problem |
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Discussion of Assignment
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B. F. Skinner - Younger
Days Reinforcement Schedules Operation of a Cumulative Recorder The 4 classic Reinforcement Schedules Pattern of Responding on the 4 Schedules ----------------------------------------------------------- Development of Skinner's Method A Case History in Scientific Method - Skinner (1956) ----------------------------------------------------------- Shaping Behavior The Introduction of Shaping - Skinner (1951) History of the Development of Shaping - Peterson (2004) ----------------------------------------------------------- Fish Hunter Gambling Games Game Table Here Game Demo Here Another Demo Here How to Play Here Article on Fish Hunter Games Here Article on Hooked Player Here ----------------------------------------------------------- Nir Eyal - Why is Technology so Habit-forming? Video Here Verbal Description Here Summary of "Hooked" Here --------------------------------------------- Skinner (1960) Pigeons in a Pelican Nose Cone Outside Nose Cone Inside ----------------------------------------------------------- Causing trouble at Harrah's |
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Reinforcement "Value" Multiple Schedules - Behavioral Contrast Concurrent Schedules - Matching Herrnstein's Results
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Back to the Prediction Issue: Premack's solution Premack Approach to Law of Effect Situation ----------------------------------------------------------- Timberlake & Farmer-Dougan (1991) Premack: Essay on Reward and Punishment vs Freedom |
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Premack continued
Premack
Principles of Reinforcement and Punishment
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Premack heads off to study human-like language
acquisition in apes
The
Mind of an Ape (1983)
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The Prediction Issue: Timberlake & Allison's solution Response Deprivation Theory Example Timberlake Disequilibrium Approach Assignment: Premack
vs Response Deprivation ----------------------------------------------------------- |
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Discussion of Assignment
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Punishment: How does it work? Thorndike's (1911) Original Answer Guthrie (1935) - Competing Response hypothesis A Single Factor Answer - Estes & Skinner (1941) A Two Factor Answer - Solomon (1964) Dunham (1971) - Problem with Two Factor answers ----------------------------------------------------------- Church (1963) Review of classical literature ----------------------------------------------------------- Assignment: Design a Punisher that Works
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Operant-Pavlovian Interactions I Traumatic Avoidance Learning Solomon & Wynne (1953) - Produce the Effect Solomon & Wynne Apparatus General Pattern of Results Typical Individual Acquisition Curves 1 and 2 Probability of Getting Shocked after 1st Avoidance Response Figure Avoidance Latencies after Last Shock Figure Problems with Standard Two Factor Explanation ----------------------------------------------------------- Solomon, Kamin, & Wynne (1953) - Extinguish the Effect 200 Trials of Ordinary Extinction Pattern of Responding Within Session Results for Varied Extinction Procedures Modified Two Factor Explanation ----------------------------------------------------------- Interactions in the Operant Chamber Skinner (1948) Superstitution Experiment - Noncontingent Reinforcement Brown & Jenkins (1968) - Autoshaping - Results Autoshaping Effect Example Long Box Autoshaping Effect Example Williams & Williams (1969) - Negative automaintenance - Experiment 1 Results Negative Automaintenance Example
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Operant-Pavlovian Interactions II Learned Helplessness ----------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- Maier & Seligman (2016) Assignment: Operant-Pavlovian Interactions |
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Discussion of Assignment
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Summary / Q & A Study Guide - Test 2 Yes, it's The Final Countdown of the semester Test Released - (by) 5:00 PM ----------------------------------------------------------- The Altoid Prank: Classical or Operant Conditioning? [ # ] [##] |
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Test 2 - due 12/7 - Tuesday - 9 AM |
